Waffles Inc.

What’s the cause of gender inequality, in the workplace and otherwise? Could we blame gender inequality solely on blatant sexism, or is there more at work? Sheryl Sandberg’s message about the gender inequalities of the workplace is quite interesting. Rather than blame it blatantly on sexism, she brings up three key points about what women aren’t doing that would help them excel, to get higher up. Her three points were to sit at the table, make your partner a real partner, and don’t leave before you leave. While these may be directed at women of business, it can also be applied to ladies such as Gertrude and Ophelia.

Sheryl’s first bit of advice was to sit at the table. She talks about how women have to step forward, show more initiative. Sheryl takes about how you won’t get anywhere if you’re always watching from the sidelines, if you’re not sitting at the table. This advice would be best geared towards Ophelia. Throughout the play, Ophelia is played and manipulated by both Claudius and Polonius. She allowed herself to be used as part of Claudius and Polonius’ scheming. If Ophelia were to take Sheryl’s advice to heart, she’d have rejected the notion of being manipulated so easily.

Sheryl’s second piece of advice was don’t leave before you leave. Don’t think you’re going to lose before the game even starts. Ophelia is tragically flawed in this sense. Before see even talks to Hamlet to get his perspective on their relationship, she’s accepted what her father told her. Ophelia doesn’t even try to fight for the relationship, she’s given up on it, even though she still has so much of herself invested. Ophelia is heavily reliant on her father, and as a result, she lost her only crutch when Polonius died. Rather than looking for support within others, such as Gertrude, she loses it. She effectively left before she left, going insane with the thought of losing her only support.

Sheryl’s third piece of advice was to make your partner a real partner. Work together with them, and by doing so, it helps ease the load, and brings you both closer together. This advice could be applied to both Gertrude and Ophelia. Throughout Hamlet, Gertrude has mostly sat on the side, acting mostly oblivious to her husband’s actions against Hamlet. If Gertrude tried getting closer to Claudius, if she had tried making her partner a partner, she could have avoided death by Claudius’ poison. Ophelia also would have found benefit in Sheryl Sandberg’s message. Ophelia never once actually confronted Hamlet about her feelings, and the doubts put in her by her father. Instead of confronting Hamlet about her doubts and fears, she simply accepts what her father tells her.

Modernism, man’s weapon against the accelerating pace of society towards complete destruction and meaninglessness. A movement in which man sifted through the shards of the past in an effort to salvage what was valuable Three great thinkers helped introduce and shape modernism. The three were the revolutionist Karl Marx, the naturalist Charles Darwin, and the psychiatrist Sigmund Freud. The ideas they brought to the table, mainly alienation, evolution, and the tripartite of human nature gave way to a reevaluation of humanity within society.

Among the critical thinkers that are credited with the establishment of modernism, Karl Marx is one of the most important. Karl Marx actively combated the class system. Karl Marx actively wrote about man’s alienation. He spoke of how a worker’s alienation from his/her humanity happens because all the worker can do is express labor. He spoke of how in a privately owned system of industrial production, workers were instruments, not persons. Karl Marx’s work was intended to dissolve the class structure and bring equality to all men, to eliminate the disparity created by capitalist systems.

Charles Darwin was another defining factor of the development of modernism. Darwin’s work in the theory of evolution by natural selection challenged the religious certainty and belief of human uniqueness. His work was a radical departure from the standard religious theories of the creation of man. Darwin believed that human beings were driven by the same impulses as “lower animals”, and that idea proved to be difficult to reconcile with the idea of an ennobling spirituality. Darwin’s ideas forever changed how we perceived man’s origins.

Sigmund Freud is credited with being a founding father of psychoanalysis. His writings proposed that the human psyche was a tripartite that consisted of the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is represented by mans primitive drives. The ego is represented by mans sense of the self, and the super ego is represented by the moral lessons and codes of behaviors that we’re taught. Beyond that, Freud also believed that human behavior and “neuroses” have causes of which people are unaware, whether it stems from childhood experiences, or from the thwarting of basic human needs. Freud’s ideas were then adopted by writers such as Virginia Woolf and James Joyce and turned into works of fiction. This conflicted with the works of realist writers, who simply wished to record the world around them. Woolf, Joyce and the other modernist writers disagreed with that statement, as it was impossible for the psyche of the narrator to capture reality as it will always be influenced by some kind of bias or alteration.

Modernism is a movement that attempts to circumvent societies inevitable destruction.  It’s a movement that offers up different perspectives on various aspects of human nature. It’s a movement that brings to light the inequalities of capitalism, alternatives to human evolution and the separation of human psyche into three parts. Modernism at it’s prime had extended its influence to art and literature and it’s had ever-lasting effects on society as we know it.

Who is Ophelia? As a woman of the Elizabethan era, Ophelia could be seen as ideal. She’s obedient, and generally dependent on the men in her life to give her an opinion.  Ophelia, by Act 3 has lost all the fire, all the fight within her. She shows no more signs of independence, and while that may seem fine for the time period, a mind-set that requires other people to think for you creates a personality I simply cannot accept. While Ophelia has a naturally weak nature, that doesn’t mean she’s condemned as such, or does it? The environment that Ophelia is apart of is nothing if not oppressive. Whether it be her brother, father, or even the king, Ophelia is setup to fail.

Just because Ophelia doesn’t possess an independent nature doesn’t necessarily mean that she is condemned to be oppressed by stronger personalities. The environment that Ophelia is apart of is extremely important in the development of her individual self. If Ophelia was in a healthy environment that encouraged self-growth, she may have been able to overcome her own weakness, and fully flourish into an independent person, but that’s not the case. Ophelia’s only real role-model she can look up to, namely Queen Gertrude, is just as weak as Ophelia is. There have been plenty of opportunities for Gertrude to assert dominance, to break the barriers put up by being oppressed, but rather Gertrude became submissive, showing no fight what so ever. In regards to Ophelia’s environment, based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, it doesn’t even seem that Ophelia’s environment provides much more then her physiological needs. Anything above that, whether it be security, love, or esteem isn’t supplied by Ophelia’s environment. The environment that Ophelia’s apart of stifles any sort of self-development.

While Ophelia’s environment may be unhealthy, it’s not the only factor in her development of self. Ophelia must have the will to change, to break her old habits of being submissive. She needs to have confidence in herself, she needs to trust herself, but none of that is actually present within her. Ophelia lacks any sense of confidence, she says: “And I, of ladies most deject and wretched,”. Ophelia lacks any self confidence, she blames herself for Hamlet’s madness, that she is the cause for Hamlet’s distress. She states: “That sucked the honey of his music vows, Now see that noble and most sovereign reason Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh; That unmatched form and feature of blown youth Blasted with ecstasy.” With no self-confidence, no belief in the greatness of herself, Ophelia is setup to fail.

Ophelia lacks in both areas of self-development. The environment she’s apart of is far from healthy and she lacks the initiative to change. She faces oppression of self from both Polonius and King Claudius, which leads to a unhealthy environment that oppresses any bit of self-development. Ophelia also believes that she is the source of Hamlet’s distress, that she is the cause of his madness. She lacks any kind of pride within herself, she doesn’t believe in herself, she doesn’t have any self-confidence. While it isn’t impossible, it’s incredibly difficult to develop any sort of self-identity when you live within a oppressive environment, let alone if you don’t even have the self-confidence to grow and break free of such shackles. It’s a shame that Ophelia lacks the initiative to grow and develop into a better character.

Before, Hamlet was stricken with grief over the death of his father. This caused him to have pessimistic outlook on life. Hamlet then encountered his father’s ghost, which caused a shift within him. What was once pessimism began to shift into nihilism. Everything was meaningless, except the thought of revenge. He wished to wipe away all trivial fond memories and leave only the thought of revenge within his mind. It was then that Hamlet encountered actors who were visiting the castle. One of the players were tasked with the narration of the last night when the Greek’s destroyed Troy. The player told the story, and as he did, near the end of the story, he began to cry as a means to stir the audience. It was that act, the act of shedding fake tears, that Hamlet began to switch his views from nihilism to absurd-ism.

The act in which the player sheds fake tears causes Hamlet much distress. The actor sheds fake tears when he recounts the Fall of Troy. He speaks of how Pyrrhus not only murdered, but also mangled him in the process. He then spoke of how Hecuba, wife of Priam, witnessed the entire act. As a result, the usually “mobled queen” broke down and let out a cry so sad that it made the heavens cry. It was during this part of the retelling that the player began to cry. After the player finishes the retelling, and Hamlet is left alone, he begins to question himself and the player. It creates an inner struggle within him, a search to find meaning in something that appears meaningless. Hamlet questions: “For Hecuba! What’s Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, That he should weep for her?” The fact that the actor can control his emotions so well, that he can appear to cry and weep with the deepest of sorrows, but feel nothing within infuriates Hamlet because Hamlet in himself is full of these emotions of grief and sorrow, yet he’s unable to express it. This revelation causes Hamlet to question the meaning of his life.

As he begins to question, he starts to also reevaluate the promise of revenge he gave to the ghost. Hamlet states: “Oh what a rouge and peasant slave I am!”. Hamlet’s revelation begins to make him see just how little he is in control. The act of revenge that he’s set out to do, the job of “setting time straight” and the process of cutting off all trivial fond memories has caged him. What was meant to liberate Hamlet Sr.’s spirit has decidedly instead caged Hamlet Jr. Hamlet goes on to say: “Who calls me villain? Breaks my pate across? Plucks off my beard, and blows it in my face? Tweaks me by the nose? gives me the lie i’ the throat, As deep as to the lungs? Who does me this?” As Hamlet continues to analyze everything that’s happened thus far, he also begins to question what drives him forward, what gives him the strength to carry on his revenge. He cannot express the grief he feels for his father, he cannot let out that sadness, yet he’s supposed to revenge him, but what pushes him to do so if he cannot be pushed to let out all these emotions he’s been feeling?

As Hamlet reevaluates his views on taking revenge on his father, he’s also begun reevaluating himself, and the inner strife he’s facing. What was once pessimism came dangerously close to nihilism, but is now becoming absurd-ism.  What was once grief, has now become revenge, but what will come of it? Will Hamlet lose himself, lose what makes him human? Has Hamlet already lost it, is the fact that he can no longer express what grief he has for his father a sign that he’s lost his spirit, or has he rather lost his once invincible soul? Hamlet’s caged by this task, he’s caught between the need to avenge his father’s death and the need to keep his humanity.

The Character: King Claudius

The Situation: Claudius is speaking of King Hamlet’s recent death, followed closely by Claudius’ marriage to Queen Gertrude.

The Appearance: It appears as if Claudius is legitimately grieving over his brother, King Hamlet’s death. He says: “Though yet of Hamlet our dear brother’s death The memory be green, and that it us befitted To bear  our hearts in grief and our whole kingdom To be contracted in one brow of woe”

The Reality: In reality, King Claudius wants for nothing more then to cease the mourning of the dead King and all too quickly forget about him.

The Reason for Hiding the Truth: If the people were to spend a great deal of time grieving over their dead King, it could lead the way to suspicion on how he died. It’s because of this that Claudius speeds along the process of mourning over Late King Hamlet.

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The Character: Ophelia

The First Situation: Laertes is speaking to Ophelia about the dangers of falling in love with a Prince whose “Will is not his own”.

The Appearance: Ophelia appears to take Laerte’s advice, as she says: “I shall the effect of this good lesson keep, as watchman to my heart“.

The Reality: Even though Ophelia appears to be taking Laertes’ advice to heart, like any brother sister scenario, she takes his advice with a grain of salt. She loves Hamlet and that won’t change no matter what Laertes says.

The Reason for Hiding the Truth: Ophelia hides the truth from Laertes because even if she were to reveal the truth to Laertes, that none of his advice will really change her mind, it would, if anything, anger Laertes and result in scolding.

The Second Situation: Similar to the advice given to Ophelia by Laertes, Polonius decides to give his “fatherly” advice to Ophelia about her relationship to Hamlet.

The Appearance: It appeared as though, much like a good daughter should, that Ophelia was in agreeance with all points given by her father Polonius.

The Reality: The reality is that Ophelia loves Hamlet, and it’s because of that love that Ophelia can only feign agreeance with her father Polonius.

The Reason for Hiding the Truth: Ophelia did, at one point of the lecture try explaining her love to Hamlet. The result of that action was simply infuriating Polonius further. As a result, by the end of the lecture, Ophelia simply lied to her father as to end the lecture.

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The Character: Lord Polonius

The First Situation: Polonius is lecturing Ophelia about dating the young Prince Hamlet and the dangers of his deceit.

The Appearance:  It appears as if Polonius is concerned about his daughter, he worries that Hamlet would cause her emmense emotional pain when the time comes when Hamlet must break all his “Heavenly Vows” and end the relationship.

The Reality: The real purpose of Polonius’ lecture was to eventually serve the purpose of upholding his image because Ophelia dating  Hamlet damages Polonius’ reputation.

The Reason for Hiding the Truth: Telling Ophelia the truth behind the Lecture would remove all meaning and impact behind it. Concealing his true intentions serves him best and is his best option when wanting to uphold his reputation.

The Second Situation: Polonius assigns Reynaldo to spread rumors about Laertes as well as to tempt Laertes with various vices.

The Appearance: It appears that Polonius is a bad father, that he’s needlessly tempting his son and his son’s relations to other people.

The Reality: Polonius is sending these various vices, whether it be gambling, prostitutes and the likes so that he may gauge his son’s true nature, as well as the bonds he’s built with his friends.

The Reason for Hiding the Truth: Polonius can’t tell his son the truth because he wouldn’t be able to get an accurate gauge of his nature. By hiding the truth Polonius is able to judge Laertes’ character as well as whether Laertes is following Polonius’ advice or not.

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The Character: Hamlet

The Situation: Hamlet is speaking to Horatio after he has just spoken with the Ghost of his Father, Hamlet Sr.. He’s been told that he must cast revenge against the man who murdered his father, and now he’s explaining what’s going to happen.

The Appearance: The appearance that Hamlet gives off is that he’s quite simply gone insane. Horatio even states that: “These are but wild and whirling words, my lord”.

The Reality: Hamlet isn’t insane, but rather he’s fueled by revenge. Whether this revenge looks like insanity to other people is relative.

The Reason for Hiding the Truth: Hamlet hides the truth from Horatio because even though Horatio is Hamlet’s best friend, Hamlet cannot trust him. Hamlet’s driven by revenge, and it clouds his judgment among other things. Acting (relatively) insane helps to cover Hamlet’s true intentions, which is killing King Claudius.

If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us do we not laugh? If you poison us do we not die? And if you wrong us shall we not revenge? – William Shakespeare

Revenge changes people, it corrupts them. Revenge is evil, it twists the minds of men, it consumes them, hollows them out, and leaves only a shell. The same goes for Hamlet. The second soliloquy takes place after Hamlet has spoken with the ghost of his Father. He learns that the mysterious death of his father was actually a murder, committed by Hamlet Sr.’s brother, Claudius. During the second soliloquy, it reveals Hamlet’s further descent into the realm of nihilism. He wishes to wipe away all fond memories he’s carried throughout his life, he wishes to wipe away all that which has made him human, and leave only revenge. One must then ask, how much can one wipe away before it all begins to crumble?

The soliloquy of Act 1 Scene 5 is a representation of Hamlet’s deepening descent into nihilism. He speaks, saying: “I’ll wipe away all trivial fond records, all saws of books, all forms, all pressures past”. He wishes to break away from everything that makes him human, and he only wishes to keep in memory the idea of avenging his father. Hamlet continues, saying: “And thy commandment all alone shall live Within the book and volume of my brain”. Hamlet’s demonstrating his further descent into nihilism, but he’s also expressing elements of Divine Command. While Hamlet wishes to forgot all “trivial fond records”, he’s only doing so as to follow the Ghost’s command, which is for Hamlet to take revenge for his father’s death.

In the first soliloquy, Hamlet was only mildly nihilistic, with evidence of Divine Command as well. While he resented his mother’s hasty remarriage, he only wished to forget the memories of his father’s marriage, as the comparison between the two pained him. Beyond that, he still cared about his companions and loved ones, as seen in the events following his first soliloquy. In contrast to the second soliloquy, there is a stark contrast. In the second soliloquy, Hamlet vows to remove all the memories of happiness, and all the fond memories. Hamlet wishes to wash away everything that makes him human, Hamlet wants only revenge, and revenge is all he can see.

Compared to the first soliloquy, Hamlet now has a reason to direct his hate towards his mother and uncle. Before, Hamlet was simply angry because his father had died, and his mother quickly remarried, and now Hamlet has thirst for revenge. He now has purpose, reason to live. Before, Hamlet’s only reasoning against suicide was simply that God forbid it. Hamlet now has a reason to live, Divine Command in the form of the Ghost has given him purpose, rather then just God forbidding him. This purpose given to him has also driven him further into nihilism. Hamlet believes that all his fond memories, all saws of books and all forms are meaningless, that he must rid his “distracted globe” of these hindrances so that he may “Remember Thee”. Only time will tell how far he takes it.

Rhetorical Question

What is it? A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point and without the expectation of a reply.

Why is it effective? The question is used as a rhetorical device, posed for the sake of encouraging its listener to consider a message or viewpoint.

Example

Effective Quotations

What is it?  An effective quotation is used to emphasize a point you’ve made, to provide an example, or to show an author’s intention.

Why is it effective? The quotation is used to make a strong impact on listeners. The messages are crisply worded, to the point, and unforgettable. Also, short quotes leave little room for misinterpretation.

Example

Analogies

What is it? An analogy is a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based.

Why is it effective? We use it to make the unfamiliar familiar. For example, if the movement of bodies in a distant galaxy resembles a flushing toilet, the analogy may help us visualize what we have not seen and may have difficulty imagining.

Example

Anecdotes

What is it? An anecdote is a short story, usually serving to make the listeners laugh or ponder over a topic. Generally, the anecdote will relate to the subject matter that the group of people is discussing.

Why is it effective? Understanding the context in which an anecdote is placed will help you to better recognize the purpose and point of these brief stories.

Example

Statistics

What is it? is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.

Why is it effective?  As stated before, numbers are powerful. This is one of the reasons why statistics can be such persuasive pieces of evidence.

Example

Imagery

What is it? Imagery, in a literary text, occurs when an author uses an object that is not really there, in order to create a comparison between one that is, usually evoking a more meaningful visual experience for the reader.

Why is it effective? It is useful as it allows an author to add depth and understanding to his work, like a sculptor adding layer and layer to his statue, building it up into a beautiful work of art, and so it should usually have more than one description.

Example

Repetition of key words or phrases

What is it? Repetition is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words.

Why is it effective? It is used in order to provide emphasis on the key word or phrase.

Example

Establishing Common Ground

What is it?: In rhetoric and communication, a basis of mutual interest or agreement that is found or established in the course of an argument.

Why is it effective?: Finding common ground is effective as it’s an essential aspect of conflict resolution and a key to ending disputes peacefully.

Example

Citing reliable sources

What is it?: Citing reliable sources is a strategy in which you reference the source of information that you are taking from, usually at the end of your piece of writing.

Why is it effective?: Citing reliable sources is effective when you a trying to reinforce your opinion or statistic. By citing a reliable source, you are effectively increasing the reliability of your piece of writing.

Example

Anticipating Opposing Arguments

What is it?: Anticipating Opposing Arguments means that when voicing your opinion, you also voice opposing points of view.

Why is it ?: Anticipating Opposing Arguments and addressing them helps your writing immensely. By Anticipating Opposing Arguments, you show the readers you care, and it shows you aren’t just trying to bulldoze them.

Example

Creating Straw-man arguments

What is it?: A straw man argument is a type of argument and is an informal fallacy based on misrepresentation of an opponent’s position.

Why is it effective?: Straw man arguments are effective because they drag attention away from an opponent’s moderate position in favor of a much more extreme position that is in all instances easier to challenge.

Example

What you develop if you want High marks:

• Anti-Depressant 
• Repertoire
• Complex Mind
• Yearning for knowledge
• “Machine-Gun Preacher”
• “Non-existent lobe of my brain”
• An individual searches for meaning
• Canadian Mental Health Association
• Idolized Role Model

What you develop if you want Low marks:

• “Difficult Thing”
• Society
• “Pokedex”
• “Many, some…etc”
• Another/This way
• Happy
• Differently
• People
• “Today’s Society”
• Studying
• Alot of People
• Important Things
• Bad
• Stupid
• Is it possible to convince ourselves of something
• but rather
• “Sources”
• Procrastination is defined…
• “Little things”
• “Bad thing”
• We often hear of back when
• Through my essay
• “I have traveled places”
• Nazi Germany was also like this…
• In me own bedroom
• seems
• By definition
• A lot of..
• This is much different
• The definition is as follows
• Doing bad
• Some of the religious beliefs
• There have been
• In Shakespeare’s time
• “For me”
• Every person at one time or another
• Philosophers quibble about how man was born
• Homework and doing the dishes
• Things are accepted in society
• Lots of murder
• Isolation can be bad
• Justice is defined as

Hamlet’s first soliloquy is our first look into Hamlet’s take on the events just recently unfolded, primarily his views on his mother’s quick remarriage after his father’s death. This soliloquy allows us to take a peak into the character that is Hamlet at this time. The soliloquy shows Hamlet as being loyal, mainly to his father. He still holds on to the memory of his father, and detests that his mother had remarried so soon after his fathers death. With that, Hamlet’s secluded, he’s lost his father and must suppress his emotions within, unable to converse with others. Finally, with the death of his father, and the remarriage of his mother, Hamlet expresses nihilistic views of the world around him.

The soliloquy opens with Hamlet expressing nihilistic tendencies. In that first paragraph, it appears that Hamlet has lost all meaning of life, such as when he states; “How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world!”. Hamlet then goes on to state how the world “‘Tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature”. Hamlet views the world, the very nature of the people as unkempt,  as evil and unruly. Hamlet’s only course of action, in his eyes, is suicide at this point as he states; “Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw and resolve itself into a dew”. It is then, however that we see a slight break in the Nihilism and instead see slight influences of Divine Command in Hamlet’s decision-making. He states; “Or that Everlasting had not fixed His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter!”. The only reason Hamlet hasn’t commit suicide looks to be that God has in fact forbid it.

The second paragraph in the soliloquy shows Hamlet’s unwavering admiration to his father. Hamlet speaks quite highly of his father, stating; “So excellent a king, that was to this Hyperion to a satyr”. Hamlet’s stating that when comparing his Father to his Uncle, it’d be like comparing a God to a Beast. Hamlet then goes on to state how caring his father was to his mother, Hamlet goes on to say; “So loving to my mother That he might not beteem the winds of heaven Visit her face too roughly.” Hamlet is saying that his father was so loving of his mother that he even kept the wind from blowing too roughly on her face. The fact that Hamlet so truly admired his father very well is the reason he holds such resentment to his mother.

The final part of the soliloquy is a full representation of all the resentment that Hamlet holds towards his mother and her hasty remarriage . Hamlet states; “Frailty, thy name is woman! A little month, or ere those shoes were old with which she followed my poor father’s body.” Hamlet bears resentment to his mother as before her shoes she wore to his father’s funeral were even old, she had already remarried. This resentment is further illustrated by Hamlet stating; “A beast that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer!”. Hamlet then makes one final statement of his mother’s swift remarriage, stating; “Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears had left the flushing in her galled eyes, she married. O most wicked speed, to post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets!”.

Hamlet’s first soliloquy gives us valuable insight into who the character actually is. Hamlet was extremely loyal to his father, going so far as to idolize him. It is then that Hamlet becomes resentful to his mother and his Uncle, and that begins to shift him towards the path of nihilism, he begins to lose sight of the value that the world has, he takes on a much darker point of view. Hamlet has become extremely resentful after his father’s death, he loses sight of much of the world’s value in favor of viewing the world as evil, and meaningless.

You Scored as Existentialism

Your life is guided by the concept of Existentialism: You choose the meaning and purpose of your life. “Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does.” “It is up to you to give [life] a meaning.” –Jean-Paul Sartre“It is man’s natural sickness to believe that he possesses the Truth.” –Blaise Pascal